Which of the Following Is the Correct Chronological Order of Art Periods?

Adue south long as nosotros humans have been able to use our hands, we have been creating fine art. From early on cave paintings to the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, human artistic expression tin can tell us a lot virtually the lives of the people who create information technology. To fully capeesh the cultural, social, and historical significance of different artworks, you need to be aware of the broad art history timeline. This commodity presents an overview of many significant eras of art creation and the historical contexts out of which they accept risen.

Table of Contents

• one Art Eras: Where to Begin?
• 2 A Brief Overview of the Art Periods Timeline
• 3 A Comprehensive Fine art Move Timeline
  • 3.one The Romanesque Period (1000-1300): Sharing Information Through Art
  • iii.ii The Gothic Era (1100-1500): Freedom and Fearfulness Come up Together
  • 3.3 The Renaissance Era (1420-1520): The Reawakening of an Art Era That Never Really Existed
  • 3.4 Mannerism (1520-1600): A Window into the Future of Kitsch
  • 3.5 The Baroque Era (1590-1760): The Glorification of Ability and the Deception of the Eye
  • 3.6 The Rococo Art Period (1725-1780): Low-cal and Airy, a French Fancy
  • 3.7 Classicism (1770-1840): Throwing Information technology Back to Archetype Times
  • iii.eight Romanticism (1790-1850): A Break from the Severity of it All
  • 3.9 Realism (1850-1925): Objectivity over Subjectivity
  • 3.x Impressionism (1850-1895): Heralding the Era of Modern Art
  • three.eleven Symbolism (1890-1920): There is Always More than Than Meets the Eye
  • three.12 Fine art Nouveau (1890-1910): The Pure Gold of Gustav Klimt
  • 3.13 Expressionism (1890-1914): Bringing a Political Edge to the Contend
  • 3.fourteen Cubism (1906-1914): Breaking Things Autonomously and Putting Them Back Together Again
  • 3.fifteen Futurism (1909-1945): Creative Riot
  • 3.16 Dadaism (1912-1920): The True Reality That Life is Nonsense
  • 3.17 Surrealism (1920-1930): Things Just Get More Bizzare
  • 3.eighteen The New Objectivity (1925-1965): Cold and Technical
  • 3.19 Abstruse Expressionism (1948-1962): Stepping Abroad from Europe
  • iii.xx Pop-Fine art (1955-1969): Art is Everything
  • iii.21 Neo-Expressionism (1980-1989): Modern Fine art

Art Eras: Where to Begin?

Every bit long as humankind has been conscious of itself, information technology has been creating art to represent this cocky. The earliest cave paintings that we are enlightened of were created roughly 40,000 years agone. Nosotros have found paintings and drawings of human activity from the Paleolithic Era nether rocks and in caves. Nosotros cannot truly know the reason why these early humans began to produce art. Maybe painting and drawing were a way to record their lived experiences, to tell stories to young children, or to pass downward wisdom from one generation to the side by side.

These prehistoric rock paintings are in Manda Guéli Cave in the Ennedi Mountains, Chad, Central Africa. Camels take been painted over before images of cattle, perhaps reflecting climatic changes;David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada, CC By 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Although we have these exquisite examples of early on artistic expression, the official history of art periods only begins with the Romanesque Era. Official art era timelines practice non include cave paintings, sculptures, and other works of art from the stone age or the beautiful frescos produced in Egypt and Crete in around 2000 BC. The reason behind this decision is that these early eras of creative expression were bound to a relatively pocket-size geographical space. The official art eras that we volition exist discussing today, in contrast, bridge across many countries, frequently all of Europe and sometimes North and Southward America.

Despite their lack of official recognition, these earliest examples of human artistic flair raise a lot of interesting questions. Why is it that the animals depicted in cave paintings are so much more realistic and vivid than the animals represented in later eras?

This article hopes to give you some insight into the ever-changing artistic manner of the homo creative mind as we explore the complexities of the different fine art periods.

A Brief Overview of the Art Periods Timeline

As with many areas of human being history, it is impossible to delineate the different art periods with precision. The dates presented in the brackets below are approximations based on the progression of each movement across several countries. Many of the fine art periods overlap considerably, with some of the more recent eras occurring at the aforementioned time. Some eras final for a few m years while others bridge less than ten. Fine art is a continuous process of exploration, where more recent periods abound out of existing ones.

Fine art Menstruation	Years
Romanesque	100 – 1150
Gothic	1140 – 1600
Renaissance	1495 – 1527
Mannerism	1520 – 1600
Baroque	1600 – 1725
Rococo	1720 – 1760
Neoclassicism	1770 – 1840
Romanticism	1800 – 1850
Realism	1840 – 1870
Pre-Raphaelite	1848 – 1854
Impressionism	1870 – 1900
Naturalism	1880 – 1900
Post-Impressionism	1880 – 1920
Symbolism	1880 – 1910
Expressionism	1890 – 1939
Fine art Noveau	1895 – 1915
Cubism	1905 – 1939
Futurism	1909 – 1918
Dadaism	1912 – 1923
New Objectivity	1918 – 1933
Precisionism	1920 – 1950
Art Deco	1920 – 1935
Bauhaus	1920 – 1925
Surrealism	1924 – 1945
Abstract Expressionism	1945 – 1960
Pop-Art / Op Art	1956 – 1969
Arte Povera	1960 – 1969
Minimalism	1960 – 1975
Photorealism	1968 – at present
Lowbrow Pop Surrealism	1970 – at present
Gimmicky Art	1978 – now

It may seem foreign for our business relationship of the fine art period timeline to end 30 years ago. The concept of an fine art era seems inadequate to capture the variety of artistic styles that have grown since the turn of the 21st Century. In that location is a feeling among some art historians that the traditional concept of painting has died in our era of fast-track living. Nosotros do not take this opinion. Instead, nosotros go on to share our unique human experiences through the medium of art, merely as the cavern people did, outside of our modern system of nomenclature.

Biergarten (c. 1915) past Max Liebermann;Max Liebermann, Public domain, via Wikimedia Eatables

A Comprehensive Art Movement Timeline

It is time to dive a little deeper into the social, cultural, and historical contexts of each of the distinct fine art eras we presented above. You will see how many eras take influence from those earlier them. Art, like human being consciousness, is continuously evolving. Information technology is as well of import to note that this art timeline is a history of Western and predominantly European art.

The Romanesque Period (chiliad-1300): Sharing Information Through Art

Art historians typically consider the Romanesque art era to be the first of the art history timeline. Romanesque art adult during the rise of Christianity ca. m Advertizing. During this fourth dimension, only a minor percent of the European population were literate. The ministers of the Christian church were typically part of this minority, and to spread the message of the bible, they needed an alternative method.

Christian objects, stories, deities, saints, and ceremonies were the exclusive discipline of most Romanesque paintings. Intended to teach the masses about the values and beliefs of the Christian Church, Romanesque paintings had to be simple and easy to read.

Equally a upshot, Romanesque works of fine art are unproblematic, with assuming contours and clean areas of color. Romanesque paintings lack any depth of perspective, and the imagery is rarely of natural scenes. There were several different forms that Romanesque paintings could take, including wall paintings, mosaics, panel paintings, and book paintings.

Due to the Christian purpose behind Romanesque paintings, they are almost always symbolic. The relative importance of the figures inside the paintings is shown by the size, with the more important figures actualization much larger. Y'all can come across that human faces are often distorted, and the stories depicted in these paintings tend to have a high emotional value. Romanesque paintings often include mythological creatures like dragons and angels, and almost always appear in churches.

At the most fundamental level, paintings of the Romanesque menses serve the purpose of spreading the discussion of the bible and Christianity. The name of this art era stems from circular arches used in Roman compages, often found in churches of the fourth dimension.

Altar frontal from Avià, c. 1200; Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, Public domain, via Wikimedia Eatables

The Gothic Era (1100-1500): Freedom and Fearfulness Come Together

One of the most famous eras, Gothic art grew out of the Romanesque period in France and is an expression of two contrasting feelings of the age. On the one hand, people were experiencing and celebrating a new level of freedom of thought and religious understanding. On the other, there was a fear that the earth was coming to an terminate. You can conspicuously see the expression of these two contrasting tensions within the fine art of the Gothic period.

Just as in the Romanesque period, Christianity lay at the heart of the tensions of the Gothic era. As more than freedom of thought emerged, and many pushed against conformity, the subjects of paintings became more than various. The stronghold of the church began to dissipate.

Gothic paintings portrayed scenes of real man life, such as working in the fields and hunting. The focus moved away from divine beings and mystical creatures as more than focus was given to the intricacies of what it meant to be human.

Human being figures received a lot more attention during the Gothic menstruation. Gothic artists fleshed out more than realistic human faces as they became more individual, less 2-dimensional, and less inanimate. The development of a three-dimensional perspective is thought to have facilitated this change. Painters besides paid more attention to things of personal value like clothing, which they painted realistically with beautiful folds.

The Raising of Lazarus(1310-1311) past Duccio di Buoninsegna;Duccio di Buoninsegna, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Many historians believe that part of the reason why the subjects of art became more diverse during the Gothic era was due to the increased surface area for painting within churches. Gothic churches were more expansive than those of the Romanesque period, which is thought to represent the increased feelings of liberty at this fourth dimension.

Aslope the newfound freedom of artistic expression, there was a deep fear that the end of the world was coming. It is suggested that this was accompanied by a gradual turn down in faith in the church, and this in turn may have spurred the expansion of art outside of the church. In fact, towards the end of the Gothic era, works by Hieronymus von Bosch, Breughel, and others were unsuitable for placement within a church building.

Nosotros practise not know many individual artists who painted in the Romanesque period, as fine art was not about who painted information technology but rather the message it carried. Thus, the motility abroad from the church can also be seen in the enormous increase in known artists from the Gothic period, including Giotto di Bondone. Schools of fine art began to sally throughout France, Italy, Federal republic of germany, kingdom of the netherlands, and other parts of Europe.

The Renaissance Era (1420-1520): The Reawakening of an Art Era That Never Really Existed

The Renaissance era is perchance 1 of the most well-known, featuring artists like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. This era continued to focus on the individual homo as its inspiration and took influence from the art and philosophy of the ancient Romans and Greeks. The Renaissance can be seen every bit a cultural rebirth.

A part of this cultural rebirth was the returned focus on the natural and realistic world in which humans lived. The 3-dimensional perspective became even more important to the art of the Renaissance, equally is aptly demonstrated by Michelangelo'due south statue ofDavid.This statue harkened back to the works of the aboriginal Greeks as it was consciously created to be seen from all angles. Statues of the terminal two eras had been two-dimensional, intended to be viewed only from the front end.

Michelangelo's David (1501-1504); Livioandronico2013, CC By-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The aforementioned three-dimensional perspective carried over into the paintings of the Renaissance era. Frescos that were invented effectually 3000 years prior were given new life by Renaissance painters. Scenes became more complex, and the representation of humans became much more than nuanced. Renaissance artists painted human bodies and faces in iii dimensions with a strong accent on realism. The paint used during the Renaissance period too represented a shift from tempera paints to oil paints. The Renaissance period is often credited as the very kickoff of swell Dutch landscape paintings.

Mannerism (1520-1600): A Window into the Future of Kitsch

Of course, this heading is partly in jest. Non all of the art produced in this era is what nosotros would empathize today as "kitsch". What we understand kitsch to hateful today is often artificial, cheaply made, and without much 'classic' taste. Instead, the reason we describe the art of this period every bit existence kitsch is due to the relative over-exaggeration that characterized it. Stemming from the newfound freedom of human being expression in the Renaissance period, artists began to explore their own unique and individual artistic style, or manner.

Michelangelo himself, in fact, is not free from the exaggeration that distinguishes this era. Some art historians do not consider some of his subsequently paintings to be works of the Renaissance menstruum. The expression of feelings and man gestures, even items of article of clothing, is exaggerated deliberately in mannerist paintings.

The modest S-curve of the human body that characterizes the Renaissance mode is transformed into an unnatural bending of the body. This is the offset European style that attracted artists from across Europe to its birthplace in Italia.

Madonna with Long Neck (1534-1540) by Parmigianino;Parmigianino, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The Baroque Era (1590-1760): The Glorification of Power and the Deception of the Centre

The progression of art celebrating the lives of humans over the power of the divine continued into the Baroque era. Kings, princes, and fifty-fifty popes began to prefer to see their own power and prestige historic through art than that of God. The over-exaggeration that classified Mannerism likewise continued into the Baroque menstruation, with the scenes of paintings becoming increasingly unrealistic and magnificent.

Baroque paintings often showed scenes where Kings would exist ascending into the heavens, mingling with the angels, and reaching ever closer to the divinity and power of God. Here, nosotros really tin see the progression of human self-importance, and although the subject matter does not motility abroad entirely from religious symbolism, man is increasingly the central power within the compositions.

New materials that glorify wealth and status like gilded and marble go the prized materials for sculptures. Opposites of calorie-free and nighttime, warm and cold colors, and symbols of good and evil are emphasized beyond what is naturally occurring. Art academies increased in their numbers, as art became a fashion to brandish your wealth, ability, and condition.

Baroque ceiling frescoes of Cathedral in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Work of Italian primary Giulio Quaglio in 1703–1706 and later 1721–1723;Petar Milošević, CC By-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Eatables

The Rococo Art Period (1725-1780): Low-cal and Airy, a French Fancy

The paintings from the Rococo era are typical of the French elite of the time. The name stems from the French word rocaille which means "shellwork". The solid forms which characterized the Baroque catamenia softened into lite, air, and desire. Paintings of this era were no longer strong and powerful, but light and playful.

The colors were lighter and brighter, most transparent in some instances. Many pieces of art from this period neglected religious themes, although some artists like Tiepolo did create frescos in many churches.

Much like the mental attitude of the French aristocracy of the time, the art of the Rococo flow is totally removed from the social reality. The shepherd's idyll became the theme of this period, representing life as light and carefree, without the constraints of economic or social hardship.

Classicism (1770-1840): Throwing Information technology Back to Classic Times

Classicism, like the Rococo era, began in French republic in around 1770. In contrast to the Rococo era, however, Classism reverted to before, more serious styles of artistic expression. Much like the Renaissance period, Classisim took inspiration from classic Roman and Greek art.

The art created in the Classicism era reverted to strict forms, ii-dimensional colors, and human figures. The tone of these paintings was undoubtedly strict. Colors lost their symbolism. The art produced in this era was used internationally to instill feelings of patriotism in the people of each nation. Parts of Classicism include Louis-Sieze, Empire, and Biedermeier.

A Childhood Idyll (1900) by William Bouguereau;William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Romanticism (1790-1850): A Break from the Severity of it All

You tin can come across from the dates that this art era occurred at around the aforementioned time as Classicism. Romanticism is often seen equally an emotionally charged reaction to the stern nature of Classicism. In contrast to the strict and realistic nature of the Classicism era, the paintings of the Romantic era were much more sentimental.

The exploration of the intangible; emotions and the subconscious, took center-stage. Around this time, people began to become hiking in an attempt to explore the natural world. It was non, withal, the truthful reality of the natural world which they intended to find, but the way it fabricated them feel.

There is no tangible or precisely determinable style to the art of the Romanticism menses. English language and French painters tended to focus on the effects of shadows and lights, while the fine art produced by German language painters tended to have more gravity of thought to them. The Romantic painters were oftentimes criticized and even mocked for their estimation of the world around them.

Realism (1850-1925): Objectivity over Subjectivity

As the Romanticism era was a reactionary motility to the Classicism menstruum before it, so is Realism a reaction to Romanticism. In dissimilarity to the cute and deeply emotional content of Romantic paintings, Realist artists presented both the adept and beautiful, the ugly and evil. The reality of the globe is presented in an unembellished way by Realism painters.

These artists attempt to show the earth, people, nature, and animals, as they truly are. There is a focus on the "obligation of art into truth" as Gustave Courbet puts it.

Just as with Romanticism, Realism was not popular with everyone. The paintings are not particularly pleasing to the eye and some critics have commented that despite the artist's claims of realism, erotic scenes somehow miss the real eroticism. Goethe criticizes Realism, saying that art should be ideal, non realistic. Schiller too calls Realism "mean," indicating the harshness that many of the paintings portray.

Proudhon and His Children(1865) past Gustave Courbet; Gustave Courbet, Public domain, via Wikimedia Eatables

Impressionism (1850-1895): Heralding the Era of Modernistic Art

Historians often paint the Impressionist movement every bit the offset of the modern age. Impressionist fine art is said to have closed the volume on classical music and other classical forms of fine art. Impressionism is likewise perhaps, after Cubism, one of the virtually hands recognizable fine art periods. Featuring artists like Claude Monet and Vincent van Gough, Impressionism broke away from the smooth brush strokes and areas of solid color that characterized many art periods before it.

Initially, the word Impressionism was like a swear word in the art world, with critics believing that these artists did not paint with technique, merely rather only smeared paint onto a canvas. The brushstrokes indeed were a pregnant departure from those that came before them, sometimes condign furiously wild. Distinct shapes and lines disappeared into a whirlwind of colors. Individual dots of completely new colors were put together, particularly in the pointillism variety of Impressionist paintings. The subjects of Impressionist paintings could oft only be recognized from a distance.

View of Vetheuil sur Seine(1880) by Claude Monet;Claude Monet, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

A significant alter that occurred during the Impressionist era was that painting began to take identify "en-plein-air," or outside. Much of the Impressionist artist'south ability to capture the circuitous and e'er-irresolute colors of the natural world were a result of this shift.

Impressionist artists besides began to movement away from the want to lecture and teach, preferring to create art for fine art's sake. Galleries and international exhibitions became increasingly important.

Symbolism (1890-1920): There is E'er More Than Meets the Middle

During this period, the era of Symbolism began to have hold in French republic. Artists became preoccupied with the representation of feelings and thoughts through objects. The favorite themes of the Symbolism movement were death, sickness, sin, and passion. The forms were by and large articulate, a fact which art historians believe was anticipating the Art Nouveau era.

Art Nouveau (1890-1910): The Pure Gilt of Gustav Klimt

Although Gustav Klimt was by no ways the most important artist in the Fine art Nouveau motion, he is one of the most well-known. His style perfectly encapsulates the Art Nouveau motility with soft, curved lines, lots of florals, and the stylistic label of human figures. In many countries, this fashion is known as the Secession style.

The Buss (1907-1908) by Gustav Klimt;Gustav Klimt, Public domain, via Wikimedia Eatables

The fine art produced in the Art Nouveau period includes a lot of symmetry and is characterized by playfulness and youthfulness. Art Nouveau has a lot of political content, although many critics ignore this and concord the decorative aspects against it. Through the art of the Art Nouveau menses, artists attempted to bring nature back into industrial cities.

Expressionism (1890-1914): Bringing a Political Edge to the Debate

In the Expressionism fine art era, we once again come across a resurgence of the importance of the expression of subjective feelings. The artists within this movement were not interested in naturalism or what things look like on the outside. As a result, there is a sure tinge of aggression in some Expressionist paintings, which are often primitive and slightly wild.

Expressionism originated in Frg and is intended to dissimilarity Impressionism. Towards the beginning of the Start World State of war, Expressionist paintings had a agonizing intensity well-nigh them. Intended to criticize power and the standing social order, Expressionism spread these political ideas through the medium of paint. Art was commencement to become political.

Cubism (1906-1914): Breaking Things Apart and Putting Them Dorsum Together Again

Commencement with ii artists, Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, the Cubist movement was all well-nigh fragmentation, geometric shapes, and multiple perspectives. The dimensional planes of everyday objects were broken down into unlike geometric segments and put back together in a manner that presented the object from multiple sides simultaneously.

Cubism was a rejection of all the rules of traditional western painting and has had a strong influence on the styles of art that have followed it.

Guitar and Spectacles (1912) by Juan Gris;Juan Gris, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Futurism (1909-1945): Artistic Riot

Futurism is less of an artistic style and more of an artistically inspired political move. Founded by Tommaso Marinetti'sFuturist Manifesto, which rejected social organization and Christian morality, the Futurist era was full of chaos, hostility, aggression, and anger. Although Marinetti was not a painter himself, painting became the most prominent course of fine art within the Futurist move.

These artists vehemently rejected the rules of Classical painting, believing that everything that was passed through generations (beliefs, traditions, organized religion) was suspicious and dangerous. The militant nature of the Futurist move has resulted in many people believing that it was too shut to fascism.

Dadaism (1912-1920): The True Reality That Life is Nonsense

Dada means a dandy many things and nothing at all. The author Hugo Ball discovered that this small word has several different meanings in different languages and at the same time, every bit a word, it meant zip at all. The Dadaism movement is based on the concepts of illogic and provocation and was seen as not merely an art motility, but an anti-war movement.

The illogic of existing rules, norms, traditions, and values was called into question by the Dadaist motility. The art motion encompassed several fine art forms including writing, poetry, dance, and performance art. Office of the movement was to call into question what could exist classified as "art".

Dadaism represents the beginnings of action art in which painting becomes more than only a portrait of reality, just rather an affiliation of the social, cultural, and subjective parts of beingness human.

Surrealism (1920-1930): Things Just Get More than Bizzare

As if the pure illogic nature of the Dadaism move was non outlandish plenty, the Surrealists took the dream world to exist the fountain of all truth. One of the most famous Surrealist artists is Salvador Dali, and you are spring to know his painting Melting Watch (1954).

Surrealism is fundamentally psychoanalytical, and many Surrealist artists would pigment directly from their dreams. Sometimes dealing with uncomfortable concepts, hidden desires, and taboos, Surrealism was a direct critique of the ingrained ideas and beliefs of the bourgeoise. As y'all tin can imagine, this style of art was not popular when information technology began, but it has profoundly influenced the earth of modern art.

Infinite and fourth dimension (in homage to Fifty.5. Beethoven) (1974) by Italian painter William Girometti;William Girometti, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The New Objectivity (1925-1965): Common cold and Technical

Every bit the surrealists were attempting to motility away from the world of physical, concrete, and visible objects, the New Objectivity movement turned towards these ideas. Many of the themes inside New Objective art were social critiques. The turbulence of the war left many people searching for some kind of order to concur onto, and this can be seen conspicuously in the art of New Objectivity.

The images represented in New Objectivity were often cold, unemotional, and technical, with some favorite subjects existence the radio and lightbulbs. As is the case with many modern movements in art, at that place were several different wings to the New Objectivity movement.

Abstract Expressionism (1948-1962): Stepping Away from Europe

Abstract Expressionism is said to be the beginning fine art movement to originate outside of Europe. Emerging from North America, Abstract Expressionism focused on color-field painting and action paintings. Rather than using a canvas and a brush, buckets of paint would be poured on the ground, and artists used their fingers to create images.

With well-known artists like Marc Tobey and Jackson Pollock, this art move was singled-out from whatsoever that came before it. The application of the paint was sometimes then thick that the finished piece would have on a form unlike any painting before it. Abstruse Expressionism spread throughout Europe. As with all art, there are always critics, with bourgeois Americans during the common cold war calling information technology "un-American."

Pop-Art (1955-1969): Art is Everything

For the artists of Pop-Art, everything in the world was art. From advertisements, tin cans, toothpaste, and toilets,everythingis art. Pop-Art developed simultaneously in the United States and England and is characterized past uniform blocks of color and clear lines and contours. Painting and graphic art became influenced by photorealism and serial prints. One of the most famous English Popular artists is David Hockney, although merely a few of his lifetime paintings were in this move.

A particular of Roy Lichtenstein's Wall Explosion Ii, 1965; Colin McLaughlin, CC Past-SA four.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Neo-Expressionism (1980-1989): Modernistic Fine art

Starting in the 1980s, Neo-Expressionism emerged with large-format representational and life-affirming paintings. Berlin was a central point for this new movement, and the designs typically featured cities and big-urban center life. The name Neo-Expressionism emerged from Fauvism, and although the artists in Berlin disbanded in 1989, some artists continued to paint in this mode in New York.

Art is a central role of what it ways to exist homo. Many of the troubles and joys nosotros experience can merely exist captured accurately through creative expression. We hope that this curt summary of the art periods timeline has helped you gain some more insight into the contexts surrounding some of the most famous works of art created by the human race.

Nosotros've besides created a spider web story about fine art periods.

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Source: https://artincontext.org/art-periods/

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